Technology manufacturing floor

Comfort in any room, office, home, creates a first floor. Poorly Lead styling, creaking or even, making a note of irritation. During the repair, yet it should be paid attention to. Production of floors is divided into three parts: Remove old paint, flooring then new coating and alignment.

The simplest process of repair, may be called disassembly. The old coating is removed very carefully so as not to damage the substrate. The next step of alignment can be made using the construction of precast floor also by means of tie sand and cement (such a method is applied when the surface requires the alignment of more than 3 cm), filling the pores and priming. Such work is usually carried out on their own builders and making them is not recommended.

Production of floors using self-leveling leveling compounds. The advantage of such mixtures is the fact that filling all the cracks, they form a thin tie, so the height of the room will not be affected. However, such a surface, long withers and can vspuchilis so after pouring on it traversed a spiked roller or a passage in a special shoe to remove the remaining air in the mixture, and nodules.

Dry styazhki- this innovation. They are quite efficient in comparison with for example cement-sand. They are used both in the construction of new buildings and in the repair of apartments. To align the sand is used with a special composition. This method allows us to produce the perfect outdoor surface to eliminate any, even the substantial flaws.

In order to produce high-quality surface, you need to properly perform preparatory work. You will need a laser or water level. Across the room it needs to "recapture" the zero level at a comfortable height for you. Randomly placed a mark, then use the level it is transferred to the other walls. Markers must be connected to each other, this line will be zero. So is determined rank.

The next step will be to identify differences and floor height. It is necessary for the proper calculation of the flow, and to correct billing ties. It is necessary to measure the distance from the zero level to the bottom in different places. On the wall distance recorded at each point. The highest will mean the lowest part of the lowest-highest part. They say the difference is how much height difference. Next, you need to follow the manufacturer's recommendations, the mixture used. Avoid frequent repairs can only be done properly work.

The most common types of insulation:

From building your own home, inevitably have to think about choosing the most appropriate and practical, but not very expensive material for insulation. Try to describe the most common types currently insulation for walls, consider the pros and cons to determine the best from the range that is presented in today's construction market

Mineral wool

Known since the Soviet era, this popular material has excellent thermal insulation properties and is relatively cheap. Note Mineral wool does not tolerate moisture, absorbs moisture and thus loses its positive properties. To protect the material from water, there is a need for additional waterproofing layer which leads to greater costs and more expensive project. Another no less important disadvantage of this heater is its low environmental friendliness. After all the components included in the mineral wool is quite toxic.

Foam

This insulation is also widespread, as well as mineral wool, its main advantage is the ease and excellent thermal insulation. The disadvantages of foam can be attributed to brittle mechanical influences, and are not resistant to sunlight. In addition, this material, as well as mineral wool absorbs moisture, and therefore also require additional waterproofing layer device. On top of this insulation is combustible, because what is not recommended for thermal insulation of wooden buildings.

Extruded styrofoam

In the manufacture of insulation used the same raw materials as for the foam, but using other technologies. With the latest technology it has increased performance, extruded polystyrene humidity resistant. Due to this, there is no need in the waterproofing layer, but the material does not let couples. Extruded polystyrene foam, as foam is flammable, it requires protection from UV rays. In areas where it is used, it is necessary to organize good ventilation system.

Polyurethane

Compared to sprochimi insulating materials, polyurethane has a weight dostoinstv- it is lightweight, very low thermal conductivity, ease of application by spraying. This insulation is completely harmless, is not afraid of moisture, is not affected by extreme temperatures, mechanical damage. It adheres well to any surface, with the installation does not require fastening. For all its advantages polyurethane foam is cheaper than mineral wool and will serve us to fifty years

        8 reasons to use fiberglass for walls

Today there are many different materials that are perfectly suited for wall decoration. This man always tries to give priority to high-quality products that can boast of its ecological compatibility and durability. In this respect, one of the best finishing materials are fiberglass. This article will try to list all the benefits of their use in a modern interior.

Reason №1. Environmentally friendly

Glass fiber made entirely of environmentally friendly natural materials. Achieved product of a glass fiber, based on the dolomite, limestone and quartz sand. During manufacture the glass acquires flexibility and increased durability. The absence of toxic elements in the glass fiber can be used even for finishing such an important room as a children's room.

Reason №2. Fire safety

In modern conditions, when safety is above all one of the main criteria when choosing a finishing material is resistant to open flames. In this regard, to steklooboyami no complaints - they do not burn, and upon exposure to elevated temperatures, do not emit any harmful substances.

Reason №3. Hypoallergenic and hygienic

This is a very important advantages fiberglass, because they do not accumulate static electricity. And most importantly, they do not "stick" the dust.

Reason №4. The air permeability and moisture

Glass wall in an interior bathroom

Glass wall can "breathe", which allows their use in high humidity areas. Few materials can boast of such an advantage. Excellent breathability reduces the likelihood of mold and mildew on the walls to a minimum, and the humidity is a guarantee that the wallpaper will not flake and peel off under the influence of moisture.

Reason №5. The ability to realize any fantasy

Glass fiber - great finish for painting. These products may be coated with any kind of paint - latex, acrylic or latex. With fiberglass, you can "play" with the texture of the walls, change the pattern and color. To make the interior depth, you can use matte paint. To emphasize the texture of glossy paint will help.

Finishing material can be painted in a variety of colors, and even apply a stencil pattern. If you want to keep the tissue structure, it is sufficient to treat the fiberglass special transparent varnish.

Reason №6. Strength

Of the material is very durable and resistant to various cleaning agents. This means that the glass fiber can be cleaned if necessary. But this feature only applies to high-quality materials, so saving is not recommended. It is recommended to buy only proven fiberglass manufacturers.

Reason №7. It can be applied to various surfaces

The advantages include ease of fiberglass gluing. They can be used for decorating domestic and industrial premises. In addition, the material can be repeatedly applied layers of paint (25-30 times). If necessary, you can hang steklooboyami any furniture. This bag of tricks is very useful when you want to hide unsightly wardrobe in a nice interior.

Reason №8. Easy pasting wall

Glass fiber is very easy to glue on the ceilings, doors, and, of course, walls. However, no intricate requirements for the application does not exist. It is enough to cover the wall of a colorless primer, and only to smear the walls, which must be clean and smooth.

conclusions

Thus, glass - this is an excellent choice for demanding people, who know the value of quality products for interior decoration.

Bad electrician in the house - a ticking time bomb!

Wiring - one of the most important components to ensure a comfortable existence of owners of the home. Poor wiring system can be life threatening. It is enough to ignite a small spark. A fire started can cause not only material damage in the form of damage to the home, furniture and other valuables, but also take human lives.

In this connection, it is recommended to replace the old wiring new. Of course, you have to spend a significant amount of money. But is it appropriate to talk about the financial cost when it comes to security?
At what point can "trap" problems with the wiring?

1. Outputs and Plugs

These parts, defective and has long been erased, can cause a fire in the house. It should regularly monitor their condition and, if necessary, timely change.

2. Shield

A wiring problem can lie in the panel. The fact is that the modern appliances that consume relatively large amounts of electricity, provoke the development of processes of melting of the old fuse blocks. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that the data blocks "become" an extremely dangerous power unit.

3. Protective RCD

The problem is the shortage of housing in many data protection devices. According to the rules of the relevant rules of the switching devices must be at least 10. And in many apartments and houses has, at best, about 5 these devices. This lack of RCDs are generally entails wear:

• fuse blocks;

• electrical equipment;

• the entire electrical system.

Replacing the RCD should be engaged in a qualified technician. Strongly recommended to make this work on their own. After all, electricity - it is not something which can "play the hero!"

4. Switches

These devices, which have become obsolete, are no less dangerous. They can not properly cope with the heavy load. At any time you can simply hit the shock in contact with such a switch.

Independent intervention

Often there are cases when people are engaged in repairing electrical wiring yourself or required to perform this work unskilled masters. It becomes the cause of many ills.

The saddest thing is that people come to the solution of problems with the electrical wiring in this way in order to save cash. In this case, it is important to understand that you do not save, you expose yourself and your family members great danger.

In order to avoid disastrous consequences in the case of the wiring, it is recommended to contact the help only professional electricians. You can also apply to a company that specializes in providing such services. It is not necessary to be sure that the problem with the electrical outlet you will be able to correct yourself, studying the relevant benefits. Take care of your health and appreciate life!

How to make a blind area (fundamentals)

Since the blind area should drain water from the house, then it certainly should be laid with a slope from the house. The slope depends on the blind area coverage: for gravel and cobble - 5-10% (5-10 cm by 1 m wide blind area); for asphalt and concrete - 3-5%.

Bias blind area
The width of the blind area take depending on the type of soil and the width of the eaves of the roof. In conventional ground it must be 20 cm wider than the eaves, but not less than 60 cm, on subsiding - not less than 1 meter.

The width of the blind area
Along the perimeter of the blind area is desirable to make a concrete tray for water drainage, for these purposes, you can use the sawn pipe, laid on the concrete base.

Removing water from the blind area
At the junction with the wall is done blind area expansion joint width of 1-2 cm. Sometimes, it is recommended to plug the sand or Epps, but it is better suited for this purpose two layers of roofing material, or bitumen or sealant. If the house is made basement waterproofing, it just shows the level of the blind area.

Compensation seam
Joining blind area with a wall or a tight cap can not, as in the case of low rainfall may suffer lining material, for example, showered tiles in the basement.

7 Secrets arrangement of paintings in the interior, to create harmony

1, try to have a small size paintings in the interior (photographs, engravings, etchings) in such a way that they can be considered a short distance (about 1 m), slightly below the level of a standing person view (the optimum height - 150 cm);

2 in selecting large-format paintings, and even with a large figure, it is important to provide an overview from a distance of several meters;

3 high resolution picture of the interior, as well as its active color can change the perception of the interior - visually reduce the area is too large room, so you need to consider such factors when choosing works of art;

4 picture is large or medium format will look better if its center is located at an altitude level view (perfect - 160 cm);

5 If the surface of the wall has active texture or coloring, put a picture in the mat with a wide brim, then the artistic details of the picture, and subtle color transitions will not be lost on a patterned background or billed wall;

6 is also necessary to consider the architectural division of the wall surface, the position of the upper edge of the door, the horizontal division of the built-in furniture and even the presence of the projections of cornices and fireplaces, while being careful composition "tie" format paintings such lines;

7 Remember that the big picture is not desirable in the interior have on small, as the top can work their weight visually "push" on the bottom.

Wireless coverage - a new word in the design.

Novelty design, allowing the ceiling to create an original, unusual decor of the walls and the floor, was the development of wireless coverage. The idea of ​​such coverage was proposed in the early 90-ies of the last century, but the embodiment of the wireless lighting system received only in the mid-nineties, and became public only in the present century.

The system is a wireless lighting bulbs, recessed into the panel, which includes two conductive layers. The presence of these layers eliminates the need for wires.

Advantages of the panels:
light weight (material production - polyurethane);
small thickness - 19-20 mm;
resistance to water;
good sound insulation qualities;
strength;
the possibility of using bilateral panels;
easy installation panels and fixtures: you just need to pierce the panel in the right place and install a light bulb;
the possibility of any trim panels (paint, plaster, wallpaper, fabric);
a large selection of drawings (due to small lamps - "fireflies" - you can create any bitmap);
large selection of lamps ("fireflies" can simulate a starry sky and the full ceiling lamps - to serve as the main lighting).
the reliability of electrical insulation when it is properly installed.
wide range of applications: it can be mounted on the ceiling, walls and floor, creating murals, paintings, used as the primary and secondary lighting, advertising stands and displays.
Panel operates under 12 volts.
In addition, we note the important fact - the panel itself is not a consumer of electricity.

Disadvantages of the wireless coverage:
artificial material;
the need for additional insulation when installing all metal elements;
the need to install and easily accessible additional electrical equipment, step-down transformer and a special connector. The connector is attached to the panel itself or on its face. This one connector can connect up to five panels.

Features of the installation:
Due to the small thickness of the installation almost "eaten" the height of the ceiling. It is therefore possible to use in rooms with low ceiling height and the creation of multi-level ceiling drywall.
Acceptable use of any fasteners, including liquid nails.
When using metal screws needed to isolate them to prevent short circuits.
Possible use of panels of any size, but at least 10 cm wide.
When installing lighting in the floor laminate, parquet or other flooring make the required number of holes into which the bulb is inserted and close their caps. A conductive plate previously placed under the laminate or other coating.
Thus, wireless panels are almost universal element of the decor, they are highly functional and easy to use. Wireless panel left plenty of room for your imagination.

            How to calculate the wiring

The calculation involves determining the necessary wiring cross section and makes use of wires and cables. Ultimately, wiring made of selected materials must comply with the fire and electrical safety.

You will need
calculator

Instructions
1. To determine the introductory section of the power cable is necessary to calculate the total capacity of all planned to use energy consumers (household appliances, heaters, electric boilers, stoves and ovens, lighting), and multiply it by a factor of 1.5. Even better - 2 to create a margin.
2. As is well known, passing an electric current through the conductor (and it is the greater, the more power the powered appliance) causes heating of the conductor. Acceptable for the most common insulated wire and cable heating is 55-75oS. Based on this, and selected cross section of the cable opening. If you calculate the total power load does not exceed the next 10 - 15 kW, enough to use a copper cable with a conductor cross-section 6 mm2, aluminum - 10 mm2. By increasing the load power by half-section tripled. 3.Privedennye numbers are valid for a single-phase power cable laying open. If he is laid hidden cross-section increases in half. When the three-phase wiring for power consumers can be doubled if the laying open, and 1.5 times at a hidden gasket.
4. For electrical sockets and lighting groups traditionally use wire having a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 (sockets) and 1.5 mm2 (lighting). Since many kitchen appliances, power tools and heating devices are very powerful energy consumers, to put them to supply the individual lines. There are guided by the following figures: a wire having a cross section of 1.5 mm2, is able to "pull" a load of 3 kW section 2.5mm2 - 4.5 kW to 4 mm2 allowable load capacity for 6 kW, and 6 mm 2 - 8 kW .

Helpful advice
Determine the required cross-section is not too difficult. This will require a minimum knowledge in the art, a calculator, and at least a rough plan of the electrical household appliances. It should be clear that any wiring is divided into two parts - introduction (power) and the rosette-lighting.

            How to breed silverfish

Powder jewel has a distinctive metallic color, able to protect the surface from any influence of any atmospheric phenomena. If you want to paint a radiator or oven, it is best to use a heat-resistant silverfish. To use this paint, you must first learn how to breed silverfish.
Secrets of high popularity

Powder silverfish

Protective and decorative features are the main reasons for the high incidence of silverfish. She coated metal surfaces, pipes, bridges, and even wood. Serebryanka consists of aluminum powder, nail polish and various pigments, but, despite its relatively simple structure, has the following advantages:
uniform, smooth, thin and does not peel off layer;
longer life (in the airspace - 7 years, in water - 3 years);
attractive, decorative surface;
corrosion resistance.
Pay attention! The only drawback is the high fire and explosion of the powder, which should only be stored in a tightly sealed container and away from open flame.

Methods of preparation

Preparation silverfish

For paint powder can be mixed with both the lacquer and varnish with only the latter must necessarily be of synthetic origin. Differences only when mixed in the same proportions. For example, for powder PAP-1 should be used lacquer BT-577 in a ratio of 2/5 (2 parts powder to 5 parts of varnish). The use of such inks maybe even at a temperature of 400 ° C.

Above it has been described what breed silverfish painting, and now let's talk about how to breed:

The powder mixture 1 PAA-1 to be gradually diluted using small portions of varnish and stir thoroughly, for example by means of a mixer.
2 For breeding PAP-2 can use any paint in the ratio of 1: 4 or 1: 3 (1 serving of powder to 3 or 4 m portions of varnish). After connecting all the components of the mixture turns thick enough, which use is not recommended.
3 silverfish right consistency depends on what you will paint: brush, spray or roller. For breeding silverfish is better to use with solvent, white spirit or turpentine. If you plan to use when painting gun, the powder is mixed with solvent in a ratio of 1: 1, and if the brush or roller, then 1: 0.5.
4 Dilution of aluminum powder can also be used synthetic varnish. Proportions recommended to follow are the same as in the case of a varnish.

The above-described methods of breeding silverfish lead to the following costs: with 100 grams of paint can be painted 1 m2.

When painting, be aware that:
effective coating of the surface with silver requires the application of at least 3 layers;
applying each successive layer can not give the desired effect if the previous layer has dried.
A few words about the coloring process

Staining

If you plan to do anything staining silverfish, do not forget:
wear personal protective equipment;
open all windows and doors are possible, in any case, do not work in a confined space;
take care of a well-prepared surface (on the metal must be absent: the old paint, dust, dirt, rust and oil, and wood should be sanded);
apply paint in several layers and give each layer to dry thoroughly;
primed surface can be painted a single layer;
if the jewel is not applied on a clean surface, avoid covering nitroemali, NBH and oil paint - is prohibited.