How to prepare for painting drywall

Drywall is the most practical and inexpensive decoration materials. With the flat sheets can be aligned gypsum walls to make decorative items. Installing drywall is easy to perform at home, which explains its ever-growing popularity. Smooth surface of walls and ceilings covered with panels of plasterboard is ideal for painting. This requires a number of simple to perform preparatory work. It must be remembered that the quality of the painting will directly depend on how you react to the preparation of the base.

You will need

- Brush;

- Roller;

- Plaster;

- Acrylic primer;

- Spatulas;

- Feed-serpyanka;

- sandpaper.

Instructions
1. The first step is to apply drywall acrylic primer. It is applied by brush or roller. Follow primer evenly, do not apply to brush too much liquid. For the next step required to wait for the complete drying of the surface.
2. Now proshpaklyuyte drywall joints. This is a necessary procedure. Spackling carried out in several stages: first, apply a layer of putty, using a tape-serpyanku, after it has dried, apply the next layer. The procedure is conveniently carried out with a metal spatula. Desirably spatulas have different sizes.
3. Once the joints are completely dry, keep plastering work, leveling solution all the bumps and place fastening screws sheets. If necessary, grinding the walls with sandpaper or a special grinding tape. Start the procedure with a larger pelt, gradually moving into smaller abrasive. You should not get carried away too grouting, it is important not to damage the cover sheets of drywall. The end result, you should get a perfectly flat surface.
4. Next you need to re-treat the surface of the drywall primer. Moreover, the processing should be carried out in two layers. The surface of the paper layer should be well impregnated primer. This step should be done very carefully to paint well lay on the surface. Ceilings should be primed against the light. After complete drying of the coating can be applied paint.

Helpful advice
Do not use oil-based paint on. It is advisable to use water-based matt paint, which is perfectly tinted and visually increases the area of ​​the room.

Removing Doors: step by step guide

Every owner, started overhaul of the old apartment, facing the problem of dismantling the interior and exterior doors. It would seem that there is a complex - remove fabric with loops yes "uproot" box. But it is not so simple. As practice shows, if you want to get a smooth and beautiful doorway, remove the old structure should be correct. About how to make the dismantling of the door and we discuss in this article.

Break - not to build: Features dismantling

Many inexperienced self-taught builders mistakenly believe that the removal of the old door you just otkovyryat shoals from the wall. But in practice, things are not so simple. Often, if not properly and aggressively dismantle destroyed not only the design of the door, and part of the wall. This situation is particularly common in the old Soviet buildings, where construction of interior partitions using fragile gypsum board.

If you do not want when removing interior door you also lost part of the wall, the work must be approached creatively. First, determine if you need an old door or you're going to spend her final journey - to the dustbin. In the first case it is necessary to carry out the dismantling careful not to damage the components, for example, if you want to rearrange the door of the apartment to the cottage. If the box and all the elements you do not need, there is a faster and "merciless" way, which we will talk about later.

But what a way to dismantle the old door you choose, the work should be carried out carefully as possible to prevent damage to the wall. Otherwise, after the removal of the box you have to spend time and money on puttying and plastering.

But first, a little theory. Any such structure consists of two upright posts, one on top and the horizontal crossbar of the door leaf, sometimes there is also a lower horizontal - nut. Often, old doors for his long life had to go through five or even 10 sessions of painting, becoming thicker than a few millimeters, and therefore heavier.

Painting has long concealed the slightest hints at the location of screws, nails and other fasteners, but intuitively it is still possible to identify where things are. So, usually between the piers and the door frame is a block of wood. Its thickness was chosen so that the vertical studs arranged exactly perpendicular to the surface of the floor. This large nails hammered beam length of 120 or 150 mm, two in the left vertical column, two - to the right, and one (sometimes two) - the top horizontal bar. If the doors do not change 30-50 years, these nails certainly had rust, so just remove the box will not turn.

Not to uproot with bars of the wall, use a crowbar or a claw hammer. You will also need a hammer, an ax and a saw (hacksaw).
Gentle method

In this chapter, we'll show you how to remove the door and a box so that they can be used in the future.

Progress:
Remove the door leaf, palming off between the door and the floor crowbar to make the likeness of the lever. Slightly opening and closing the door, begin to lift the sheet, pressing down on the lever-mount.

Better to do it together, as the old Soviet door quite heavy, especially if you make the dismantling of the front door. If the loop can not respond to your manipulation, perhaps they have rusted or clogged. In this case, apply grease (best to use anti-corrosion grease in a spray that instantly removes rust), wait a few minutes and try again. Complete removal of the web should be made in an open form, otherwise the door rests on the horizontal bar at the top.

When the door leaf is set aside, you can proceed to the elimination of trims. Worry about the safety of old casings especially not worth it, because in most cases they are in pretty poor condition and covered with a thick layer of old enamel. Attach the edge of the ax in the opening between the door casing and a box or in any place higher, if all the nails are covered with paint, and can not see anything. With one hand holding the ax, the other - a hammer.
Not much, but sure movements ax hammer and remove the casing from a box.

The enlarged gap you can see the very large nails. Move the ax under one of them and move the casing up to the maximum limit. Repeat the same procedure in other locations of nails. As a result, you should easily be separated from the whole casing of the door frame.
Since frames are on both sides, repeat a similar action on the other side of the wall. Unfortunately, almost always the casing breaks. During the heyday of Soviet engineering and construction nails done very thick and strong, and trim set pretty thin, so just take them with rusted nails fails. But, fortunately, make new and more aesthetic frames today is quite simple and inexpensive. Moreover, if we recall that in the camp of clypeus has stuck to half a centimeter discolored enamel and it can not even for firewood, it is reasonable to get a new frame for the door.
So trim removed, and before you left the door frame with iron hinges. Before you try to pull it out of the wall, remember that it is nailed to the leveling bars long, 150-millimeter nails. Carefully inspect one of the uprights - if you can see the lower mounting point (nail or bar), back it up by about 20 cm. If the fixture is not visible, then pull back the floor 60-80 cm and sawn rack.

Just above the resulting insert cutting edge of the ax so that it is between the doorway and wooden stand, and then move the sure touch of a rack on the wall. Thus, while you remove the base and pull the nail out of the wall.
Do the same with the other part and the top crossbar. When charged the first rack, the dismantling of the door with your hands is much faster and easier.

Keep door unit, who served 30 years or more, it makes no sense - you can now use more modern, durable and inexpensive materials, or to put the same tree, just fresher.

We describe one of the most problematic option of dismantling the door with large nails as fasteners. If you see that the elements are fastened with screws, then disassemble this box is not difficult - you just use a screwdriver.

A quick way

If you plan to get rid of the old door and did not intend to install it elsewhere, use the faster and easier way to dismantle the box.

For work you need the following tools:
the ax;
hammer;
crowbar;
hacksaw on wood.

How to quickly dismantle the door:
Remove the door leaf, as described in the previous instruction - easier and faster to do this step anymore.
Disassemble the door frame does not make sense, so it is easier to break. It is very easy to do if you make a cut in the central part of one of the uprights.
Using a hacksaw make the cut, but not perpendicular but at an angle of approximately 45 °.

If the door frame has a nut, it is also better to cut it down the middle.
If the threshold is fixed in the doorway above the floor, it is easy to "root out" with the crowbar.
Plat will quickly pull out if the drive between them and packaged timbers sharp ax. Pull the handle of the ax, appeared to span sufficient for further work with the crowbar.

We remind you that if the old door frame you will not need the rest of the wall still is useful to install a new door, so follow the work as carefully as possible.
Removing the plastic door

Plastic and metal doors have long ceased to be a novelty, and much less seen a massive web of high-quality wood than the usual design, radiant pristine whiteness. However, for proper operation, maintenance and adjustment is necessary to know some of the secrets that are known far all owners of plastic doors.

The most important thing - to understand the functioning of the device and the hinges that hold the door. Then you will be able to use all its potential to the maximum, self-repair or remove the entire structure. The loop consists of several elements: steel tabs frame with fixing pins, spacer sleeves disposed between the tab and the frame.
Removing the door on the balcony

If you try to dismantle the plastic door on the guidelines above, you will not. The fact that such constructions have their own particular installation and hence disassembly, so they must be removed in a special way.

Remove the protective caps covering the hinge.

Take a hammer and gently knock axial mechanism, the door slightly open.
When the bottom edge seem axial mechanism, grabbed him thin pliers and pull down until it is fully released.
Heel the door, holding it tightly with your free hand (it is quite heavy), and lift up to 5 cm in order to free the pin of the lower support. Since these structures are not fixed at the bottom of the loop, the door can be easily removed by slightly raising and take aside.
Deontazh door

The device is a plastic door is different from the balcony, so the dismantling takes place a little differently. The main difference is that the front doors have reinforced construction, and they are not double-glazed windows.

The structure of the loop is also different - they are more powerful and have strengthened anti-burglary. Plastic entrance door has three hinges, in the balcony - two. This is due to the fact that the door is quite heavy, and the two loops do not have coped with such a load.

In principle, the removal procedure takes place under the same scenario as in the balcony door, the only difference is that you need help - alone to remove the front door does not work. When you lift the door off its hinges, it must be firmly held and can cope with it only two.

Removing the metal door

Most new buildings apartments come with a metal entrance door, but unfortunately, they seem to be reliable only at first glance. In fact, it is an ordinary sheet steel, no reinforced and certainly not having insulating properties. The owners of these apartments prefer to replace the design of new or existing warm, but first we must somehow remove the painting itself.

Removing the metal door is quite simple:
Repel plaster slope near the door to open the door mounting points ears.
Since modern metal doors fixed with a wedge-anchor or anchor bolts, try to unscrew them with a key or a screwdriver.
If the fasteners are not amenable, they Hollow chisel punch.
Between the piers and the door frame is a layer of foam - cut it with a knife to release the door.
Lift the door leaf and remove it from its hinges in an open form.
Then you can remove the door frame and install a better door.

As you can see, dismantle the old door is a snap, whether wood, plastic or iron. The main thing - to do everything in a measured and carefully so as not to spoil the opening in the wall, which is still useful to install the new door.

Preparation and application of lime-cement mortar

Lime-cement mortar is also called complex solution. This is due to the fact that it consists of two binding components: portland cement and lime.

These solutions can be used both indoors and outdoors for plastering of stone, concrete and wood structures or for the construction of masonry above-ground parts of the building.
Lime-cement solution has certain advantages, namely:
lime-cement mortar is cheaper compared to the cement-sand mortar because of the economy and the use of cement binder cheaper - hydraulic lime;
adding lime-sand mortar - Portland, get more strength solution that quickly grasp;
since lime is a natural plasticizer, the additive lime in thin cement-sand mortar leads to the achievement of the required ductility for ease of use;
with the addition of lime in mortar increases adhesion of the solution with the stone (adhesion).

It should be noted that in most cases for the preparation of compound solution used Portland cement M400.
Methods for preparation of lime-cement mortar

There are three basic ways to prepare lime-cement mortar:
If lime is used as a ready test, the pre-cooked dry mixture of sand and cement is added to the milk of lime (water with lime putty). The addition of the dry part is made up until when mixing the solution is not obtained the desired consistency.
When applying powdered lime, production solution produced in the usual manner: Mix all the ingredients in a dry state, and then the necessary quantity of water mixable.
When using lime in the blended cement testovidnom state a half measures for mixing sand and lime paste and blended with the other half of sand. Then connect the two mixtures, and shuts the required amount of water.

The first and second methods are more convenient compared to the third method.
General recommendations
Lime for lime-cement mortar is applied only quicklime. If you have available quicklime, then long before the extinction of the work make it using more water (in your area near the erected object can perform a pit for slaking or equipped with a special container for this operation).
As the quality of the solution depends on the quality of lime, then because of its different properties we recommend that you cook in a small number of trial batches and empirically determine their quality (for example, a small area of ​​plaster masonry).

Align the walls with the help of dry mixes

Smooth walls, floor and ceiling are the foundation of your high-quality repair and design. After all, even the most expensive decoration materials, furniture and accessories will not be able to hide uneven walls, which occupy the largest part of the premises and are always in sight. And no matter what you intend to decorate the walls - be it wallpaper, paint, tile, panel - remember that any finish looks good and long retains its appearance only on a solid, reliable and high quality basis.

There are two ways alignment surfaces (depending on the materials used) of crude (using mixtures of building) and dry (assembling different structures). Each of these methods has its own characteristics. Typically, the alignment with the help of building mixes (plaster) used in drops of 30-50 mm. For walls with a greater curvature is better to give preference to the installation frame with its subsequent plasterboard paneling. Plasterboard also allows you to create a variety of niches, various partitions, arches, but the area of ​​the premises in its use is declining. In addition, the cost of one square meter of leveling plasterboard (materials + work) is a half to two times more than the alignment of the plaster mixture.

Alignment plaster walls with a more traditional way. By type of binder such mixtures are divided into:
- Cement;
- Gypsum.

Currently most used plasters based on gypsum. They dry quickly, allowing for faster repairs, it is better grasped the base than on the basis of the cement mixture. In addition, the plaster mixture to create a better climate - they have low thermal conductivity, better acoustic properties, regulate humidity, more technological.

Wall irregularities up to 5 mm can be removed using putty to eliminate most of curvature initially used plaster, and only then puttied wall. If the value of the curvature is greater than the permissible thickness of a layer of plaster applied over once (30 mm), the wall plastering have several layers.
Technology application

Surface preparation:
- Disconnect the power supply in the room;
- Clean the walls of the old coating (paint, wallpaper, loose plaster);
- Make a primer base (to prevent the separation of materials and improve vlagoottalkivaemosti).

Preparing the mix (plaster, putty):
- Pour the mixture into a container of clean water and mix;
- Clearly follow the manufacturer's instructions and observe the consistency of the solution, if the solution is too thin, it will crawl up the wall, and if too thick, then it will fall dry lumps.

Plastering:
- After applying the solution must be allowed to dry out because the remaining moisture in the wall may in the future turn into a fungus on the wallpaper;
- If the application of several layers, then:
- The previous coat must be completely dry;
- Each layer is dried sand;
- If necessary, before applying the next layer the surface is moistened.

Application of fillings:
- The surface before applying the finish fillings must be primed;
- Apply a thin layer of putty, using a spatula;
- After applying the solution let it dry.

Final cleaning of the surface:
- After the final drying putty (approximately 24 hours) and prime oshkurte walls indoors.

Now you can start decorating!

Driving electrical wiring in the apartment

Two centuries ago, we knew about electricity, very few. Today, thanks to the incredible pace of development of civilization, the light is everywhere. And people can not imagine my life without this powerful communication. After all, no electricity available to us, and the benefits of technology, neither watch TV nor wash or boil the kettle and much more. In our time, we are incredibly dependent on this source. Almost everything we use, depends on the power supply. And to all devices and your home device worked without failure and did not give you trouble, you need an electrician to properly connected. And for this each owner must have an idea of ​​what the scheme electrical wiring in the apartment.

It will just about residential wiring, as in the private sector, the process is made a little differently.

So, what you need to know about the scheme electrical wiring inexperienced owners who want to do everything with their hands. First you need to identify about where and what appliances will be located in order to make a layout for future outlets, toggle switches, circuit breakers and doses. It must be easily accessible, no fenced place. Given the high voltage supply of a protective plastic casings for these items.

Placing outlets requires certain rules:

- Distance from the floor of 30 to 80 cm;
- For every 6 m2 premises should be 1 outlet, following the instructions of fire safety;
- A kitchen equipped with a sufficient number of outlets, due to the large accumulation of electrical consumers;
- Bathroom is equipped with a closed-type outlets;
- Prevents the installation of heating outlet pipes, gas and electric boilers, radiators and other grounded device, the distance should be at least half a meter.
Installing the switches requires the same rules described above. That's just the height you can choose for the comfort of their own and their children. Recommended setting all the elements on the one hand, to facilitate orientation in the dark.

Doses are placed under the ceiling, and have free access. Excludes their presence in the bathroom and next to the instrument earth.

Electrical panel for the distribution of electricity in the apartment it is best to install in the corridor or hallway on the level of human growth.

Electric counter is conveniently located in a niche, which is equipped at a height of 80 to 170 cm. This is when the computing device is in a residential area, not in the vestibule or in the stairwell.

The circuit layout has a certain route, which should be laid wires. It should only be a clear vertical and horizontal lines in the future not to damage concealed wiring in the wall. If you wire the horizontal, the retreat of at least 15 cm, whether on the floor or ceiling. If vertical stacking is observed distance of 10 cm from the corners of windows and doors. From the gas pipes should fall back to 40 cm. Wiring wires themselves are placed in 3 mm from each other to avoid plexus. In places possible crossing, insulated wires. In deriving the wiring from the wall using conduit. The ground wire should correspond to the cross section of phase wire, and bolted connections.

Also flush distinguished as an open, combined and wiring under the drywall. For them, there are separate electrical circuit wiring in the apartment. But the safest and most common method is considered to be flush as described above. Therefore, guided by these simple but very important rules, you can always conduct themselves in the house wiring, to protect themselves from the failures in the electrical appliances and not be suddenly cut off from civilization.

The solution is to preserve the purity of the windows for a long time

With the onset of warm sunny days many housewives longingly looking at the windows, which in the winter had covered with a touch of dust, dirt and scum, splashed with rain and snow.

Kind of depressing. But after cleaning procedures, our window shows us a world entirely different colors - bright, bright and sunny, and greater comfort in the home, light and joy.

Mix three teaspoons of water, seven tablespoons of glycerine and a few drops of ammonia. Moisten the mixture of paper towel and wipe the glass.

The aqueous glycerol solution with an alcohol to form a glass thin protective film, which protects the glass from dust.

As ceiling wallpaper paste over.

OboiOkleivanie ceiling wallpaper favorably with many other kinds of decoration - it is not only beautiful and unusual, but is best suited for rooms with high humidity.

Applicable for pasting wallpaper ceiling surfaces should differ substantially moisture resistance and durability. It is best to give predpochteliya vinyl or Non-woven wallpaper. When choosing colors guided by the size of the room: bright colors visually enhance the surrounding space, and the dark - reduce. Having defined the type of wallpaper and a view, pick them glue. An excellent option would be universal wallpaper paste, suitable for any coating or vinyl popular option.

Instruments.

• For work you need the following tools:
• Spatula;
• Roulette;
• Pencil;
• Wallpaper knife;
• Brush for smoothing bubbles;
• Rollers on a long handle and a brush;
• Two tables, rung ladder (eg ladder Krause);
• Wide plank;
• Containers for glue and water;
• Technology pasting

Before starting work, you need to prepare the ceiling. Oslo plaster must be removed, cracks and potholes gloss over putty. The ceiling should be smooth and clean, free of old paint, oil stains and irregularities.

Further, the surface area of ​​the vote to choose the required number of rolls of wallpaper.
When you have finished all preparations, start pasting:

First you need to build a platform. Slide together tables or stable place between wide boards.
Dilute the glue in the tank with water and stir until smooth. It is important such nuance as it is the density, or the wallpaper under the weight of their body weight may peel off.
Make a pencil markings on the ceiling, corresponding to the width and length of the roll - away from the window to the opposite wall.
With the roller apply glue to the ceiling abundant layer.
Sticking wallpaper
Measure the required length of tape and cut a sheet of wallpaper knife. Remember puffing wall at 10-15 cm - after drying wallpaper can catch a bit of 0.5-1% of the length.
If you choose a paper or vinyl wallpaper, they need to lubricate the glue. Fleece same do not need it.
In the next step, start pasting. Align the end of the cloth wallpaper with markings on the ceiling and press firmly.
Then, take the roller on a long handle and a roll of wallpaper surface, getting rid of air bubbles and folds.
Each subsequent sheet butt stick exactly to the previous, without overlaps.
After completion of all the major works, scissors or a cutter, cut the protruding edges.

How to install the air conditioner

(Article for informational purposes only, that to know the stages of work at installation, to be able to control the installers. The installation is better to provide a specialist to do if you do not have this experience)

Before starting work on the installation, obtain the necessary installation tools and accessories, and then carefully read the technical documentation of the manufacturer specific model of an air conditioner.

1. Selecting a location for air conditioning
Make sure that the location of the air conditioner would not adversely affect its performance and technical characteristics.

eleven. Selecting a location for the indoor unit

The place should be durable enough to withstand the weight of the air conditioner
The location should provide good air circulation
The location must be convenient for water drainage. That part of the drainage pipe, which is located inside the room should be as short as possible. Also, make sure that the rejection drain pipe will not cause nuisance to neighbors.
The location must be convenient for adjustment and maintenance
Location should not be exposed to direct sunlight
Near the inlet and outlet ports, there should be no obstacles

12. Selecting a location for the outdoor unit

The location should be such that the outflowing hot air from the unit does not cause nuisance to neighbors

When choosing a place to be considered occurs when the air conditioner noise
The installation site should have a solid foundation. Fragile foundation of safe, in addition, it may be the cause of excessive noise. Do not place the outdoor unit directly on the ground.
Avoid places where the outdoor unit can be covered with snow.
The location should be such that the heat exchanger has been implemented effectively
The location must be convenient for inspection and maintenance
Please note that each model has air conditioning maximum permissible length of the refrigerant piping and the maximum vertical drop.

2. Drill holes in the wall
Through the drilled hole in the wall pass refrigerant piping, drain piping, electrical wiring, etc., connecting the inner and outer unit of a split system. Selecting a location for the hole: mounting the rear panel has a special label showing the possible locations of the holes. If you choose to use these provisions need to be tagged. The hole diameter is typically 6.5 cm.

2.1. Drilling holes
Drill hole using a circular saw, punch or hit the chisel, with the work should be done on both sides of the wall. When drilling holes be careful, because the inside walls can be positioned beams, wiring, gas lines, etc.

2.2. Protective pipe
If the sharp metal parts or wires placed inside the wall, damage the insulation of wiring may cause short-circuiting. To avoid this it is necessary to use the protective tube. In addition, the hole in the wall should have a slight slant to the outside, in the rain so it did not get wet.

3. Wire installation indoors
After removing the insulation from the wire, insert the wire ends as deeply as possible into the slots.

4. Mounting the conditioner

4.1. The indoor unit

1. Must be set straight. Otherwise, water could leak
2. After installation of the indoor unit on the rear panel mounting push it to its hooks firmly entered the rear panel.

4.2. Outdoor unit

1. Do not install the outdoor unit directly on the ground. Instead, it must be placed on a small rack. You should also make sure that the air conditioner was located exactly.
2. Do not install the air conditioner outdoor units in places where there is a possibility of leakage of explosive gases.

5. Pipeline

5.1. Selection of copper pipes
Only use copper pipes specified in the manufacturer's installation instructions for the thickness made from oxygen-free copper and having no welded joints.

5.2. Cutting tube
For cutting tube cutter it should be used. Using a hacksaw can lead to the ingress of swarf in the tube, as well as the rough cut, which will make it impossible to flaring, and this, in turn, will lead to a gas leak or malfunction of the air conditioner. In determining the length of the pipeline connecting the inner and outer blocks let a small margin (0,5-1m). This will reduce stress on the joints, resulting from vibration and so on. For wall-mounted air conditioners extra length of narrow and wide pipes varies, and this should be borne in mind when cutting pipes.

5.3. Deburring cut end of the pipe
After cutting the tube by means of the pipe cutter on its inner side remain burrs. Before you flare the burrs must be removed. When deburring tube should be directed downwards as metal chips from entering the compressor air conditioner removes it from the system.

5.4. Beading
It is important that the inner surface of the flared end of the tube was shiny and had no scratches.

5.5. Pipeline sheathing
Regardless of the conditioner models wide and narrow lines must be insulated separately. In conditioners, cooling only, both broad and narrow lines are cooled during operation. The lack of isolation may cause scratches on the surface of the condensate lines, which in turn, will cause the loss of heat. In units working on the heating and cooling, broad and narrow lines are heated during operation. Both pipelines must be insulated in order to avoid the impact of heat to the surrounding air.

5.6 Precautions for flexible pipes
If the pipe will have a crack, it will adversely affect the operational and technical characteristics of the air conditioner. To the pipe is not broken, it is recommended to bend by hand. For bending pipes with diameters greater than 1/2 inch is recommended to use a tube bender.

6. Connecting pipe

Three rules: dryness, cleanliness and tightness.

1. Dryness. Make sure that the pipeline does not get wet.
2. Clean. Make sure that the pipeline did not get dirt, sand, etc.
3. Tightness. Make sure there are no refrigerant leaks. The application of a special sealant on the joints is a good way to prevent leaks.

6.1 Precautions when connecting piping.
To simplify connection is recommended to connect a pipe, and then narrow. Align coupling with union nut and carefully by hand a few times, turn the nut so that it engages smoothly with the union. Then, using a wrench, tighten the nut demanded effort. When working with bolts diameter 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) it is necessary to use a special key to the torque (16,5 Nm).

6.2 Traps Water
If external power is higher than the domestic, for the protection of water dripping through the line and getting water into the room, you must install a special trap.

7. Vent
Air removal is a procedure in which from a pipeline connecting the indoor and outdoor units, as well as from the air of the indoor unit is removed.

7.1. What caused the need for removing the air?
If bleeding is not made, it enters the cooling circuit, resulting in a sharp increase in pressure, increased power consumption and reduced power conditioner.
In addition, the moisture contained in the air can damage the insulation of the compressor motor and to the decomposition of refrigerant that will dramatically reduce the service life of the air conditioner.

7.2 The procedure for removal of air

1. Make sure that all pipes are properly connected
2. Connect a pressure gauge and a vacuum pump
3. Open the low-pressure valve
4. Turn on the vacuum pump and pressurize to - 101 kPa (it takes at least 15 minutes).
5. Hold the low-pressure valve in the fully open position, turn off the vacuum pump
6. Open the service valves wide and narrow pipelines
7. Disconnect manometer
8. Place the lid on the service valves wide and narrow pipelines
9. Screw the union nut of the pump nozzle.

8. Check for leaks
To check the reliability of pipe connections apply to these places lather. If leakage at this location bubbles appear.

9. Opening the service valve
After the leak check, fully open all service valves.

10. Connect the wiring
Strip the ends of the wire (about 15mm), and as far as possible, insert them into the appropriate connectors.

11. Installation of drainage pipes

11.1. Drain pipe Indoor
Set the indoor unit so that it is smooth and had no tilt forward or backward. Make sure the drain pipe has a downward slope. Make sure the drain pipe has no traps. If the drain pipe has long horizontal sections, insulate it tough PVC.

11.2. Implementation of the drain outside

If there are no more obstacles, no more need
If there is a need to install a special drainage system. In this case, use the supplied specifically for this connection and the knee cap. Outdoor unit must be installed on the stand, connecting to the knee does not touch the ground. Connecting the knee cap and placed inside a cardboard box.

11.3. Grime
As a result, clogging of the drain hose or the drain pan contamination may leak water. Contamination is usually caused by the following factors:

Temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius
Water retention
Air pollution products of human activity
Presence in the water of certain fungi and bacteria. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the drain hose is directed downward; should also ventilate the room regularly and keep it clean.

12. Exterior finish

12.1. Reinforcement tape
Connect with a pipe, narrow piping, electrical cables and drain hose, then wrap them Ramiro tape, starting from the bottom and moving up. Each subsequent layer of tape should overlap about half the previous layer.

12.2. Isolation of the compounds
Do not forget to insulate the joints and bandaging their reinforcement tape. If the connectors for insulated, they will accumulate condensate.

12.3. Securing the pipeline
To fix the pipe is recommended to use the mounting clamps.

12.4. Applying sealant
Treat sealing all open space done in the wall of the hole, so that no water gets inside, and the wind is not blowing.

12.5. Cleanliness
Finally, do the cleaning inside and outside the premises. This conditioner installation completed.

                    Fragrant apartment




1. The aroma of freshness.

Before you start vacuuming, wet with a few drops of lavender cotton wool and retract his vacuum cleaner. Hoover follow the path of his will to leave all the gentle "Provençal" flavor. The aroma in this case may be replaced by a favorite you - for example, orange oil adds a fresh smell of citrus, pine oil creates an atmosphere of cool shady pine forest.

2. Clean the fridge.

Moisten 1 drop of lavender essential oil and 1 drop of lemon oil porous stone of baked clay or ordinary gauze (in this case, the essential oils evaporate quickly) and place them on the refrigerator door. Periodically update the essential oils.

3. Fresh wastebasket.

Wash and dry the waste basket, drip 1 drop of lavender oil and 1 drop of tea tree aromakamen, a piece of gauze or a cotton ball and place it on the bottom.

4. How to "refresh" the microwave.

Drip 3 drops of essential oil of lemon or mint in a bowl of water. Put 3 minutes.

5. Scented toilet.

Use a small shelf where you can put 2-3 aromakamnya the size of a small cookie. Sprinkle on the rocks lavender, ylang-ylang and pine. Update them every week. It will fill a toilet delicate scent and healthier atmosphere.

6. Pleasant underwear.

There are 2 ways: either you add in drying laundry terry mitten, which drip 7 drops of lavender, mint, rose or eucalyptus (or any other oil, your favorite), or add 3 drops of the same oil into the water to add to the iron.

! Essential oils - low-fat and does not stain your underwear!

7. Any surface.

Add 30 drops of lavender oil, tea tree oil and / or lemon (30 drops - in all, not everyone!) In 1 liter of vinegar. How should shake. This simple and economical structure perfectly cleans and disinfects any surface. The same composition wipe ashtrays.

8. Remove the scum and odors in the sink, sink, tub, pot, kettle.

Use the above composition (to clean and disinfect all surfaces): synthetic vinegar - the best way to remove scale. It is more efficient at heating, so you can quite happily pour the liquid into a kettle of boiling water and leave, "infuse" a few minutes to an hour. Your tea will be in perfect condition and without a single microbe - due to essential oils. Bay, a few drops of the composition into a tube kitchen sink drain and bath, and then a few minutes of having started a stream of hot water from the tap, you get rid of the odor out.

9. Deodorant room.

Pour a few drops of your favorite oil (mint, orange, cedar, sandalwood) in a spray bottle with water. Shake and spray the room. The same effect is achieved by the addition of inexpensive perfume with aromas of vanilla, cinnamon, chocolate and other goodies. Repeat 2-3 times a week. It also helps get rid of the smell of cigarette smoke or burnt food (combined with advanced ventilation).

10. And also get rid of the insects.

The use of toxic insecticides that are harmful for humans and for animals, which also smell bad, it is better to spray in the air essential oils - lavender, cedar or eucalyptus. No sprayer? Then add a few drops in a bowl of hot water or even on pieces of cotton wool and place them around the room

Armobitep

Armobitep - rolled roofing and waterproofing material, which is the basis of fiberglass. It is made on the basis of fiber glass, glass-canvas or fiberglass thanks to bilateral application polymer modified binder composition (rubber, asphalt, industrial oil). The protective layer can be grained mineral bilateral or unilateral. Armobitep commercially available in two grades, such as ABSK and ABSM (the area of ​​the roll - Yum2, its width - 960 and 1000 mm). Purpose of the first grade material - top layer of the roof, the second - the lower layers.

Modern examples of durable constantly replenished range of roofing materials. It is now widely used Ekar-bit monobitep, folgobitep and tn.

Armobitep - is reinforced with fiberglass and mineral granulates coated elastic strip shingles. This material is perfectly suited for covering roofs with complex configuration. Its service life is at least 20 years.

Soft tile is having a rectangular or hexagonal shape of thin tiles. At their manufacturing mineral wool-based bitumen is applied first and then a mineral powder.

The color scheme of soft tile is extremely diverse. This web material length is 1 m, its width - 300-350 mm and the thickness of - 3-4 mm. Technique work with it as follows: first it is placed on a solid floor, and then fasten using self-adhesive layer and nails. From the total area of ​​this layer is 50-60%. The self-adhesive surface of the square tiles, compared with hexagonal, a little more.

When installing the roof soft tile, be sure to pave the waterproofing layer of rolled

Facing the steps of the staircase: the choice of a suitable material

The staircase is not the only method by which people can move between floors, but the addition of a very original design of the room. That is why its level should be not only practical, but also have a sufficiently attractive appearance, so no quality staircases lining the steps is necessary.

Facing the stairs, and steps can be made of various materials.
The most popular of them are:
Ceramic tile.
Gres.
Natural wood and other materials.

Note. Large assortment of building materials, which can be used for this purpose, allows the owner to choose the best room option.

Facing steps tree

Wood is a very commonly used building material, which has many advantages.
Among them:
Long service life.
Save money on the thickness of the steps.
Easy tiling.

How are the works:
Facing the stairs tree done in several stages. Initially, you need to cover the stage of concrete water-resistant plywood with a thickness of 10-12 millimeters.
Next fastened to plywood on concrete. To perform this task using dowels. On top of the panel are put ready-made wooden stairs, which are fastened with screws or glue.

There are two ways of facing the tree steps:
The first of them concerns a method by which only covers the stage and riser.
And second, when the entire structure is covered completely.

Note. Although the method you select, your home will look elegant, aristocratic and noble.

Read more about the materials:
The tree has a fairly low weight, which provides additional convenience during the tiling;
This material is sufficiently elastic, allowing it to return to its original position after any loads.
Wood is flexible and at the same time flexible material, which provides convenience to the user during the stages of repair it.
This material has a very poor thermal conductivity, which does not allow it to influence the structure of the cold concrete.
One disadvantage of this material is its susceptibility to degradation various insects.

Facing the granite steps

Facing stair treads using porcelain is a great solution. To use this building material can be in homes, as well as office and administrative buildings.
Porcelain has many advantages:
Environmental security.
High density.
Toughness.
Corrosion.

Stages of lining:
For the work is necessary to work on the wall was originally a high level of accuracy to measure the rough steps and choose the optimal size porcelain.

Council. If during these works there is a need to cut porcelain elements, then it is best to use vodorezny machine.

This device prevents cracks and chipping during cutting. Next, you need to clean up the rough steps and implement them cover acrylic primer.
After that, the cladding treads and then riser. Produce must be facing work from the top down.
Smooth granite used for lining the steps in the middle of the premises.

Council. Facing the steps of outdoor stairs is best to make porcelain stoneware, which has a rim loosening. This will ensure a high level of safety while driving.

Read more about the materials:
Porcelain is characterized by a high degree of wear resistance, which ensures a sufficiently long period of operation.
This finishing material is characterized by resistance to abrasion, which allows him to have the best look long enough.
Material is frost-proof, allowing to use it for finishing the stairs, in the middle, and outside the room.
Relatively lightweight porcelain provides sheltered his mount.
This material is characterized by low water absorption, which saves on the tile breaks during frosts.
Production of porcelain is made from high quality raw material, which ensures a high level of resistance to various mechanical effects of a negative character.
Facing ceramic tile steps

Ceramic tile has been and remains a very popular building material at all times thanks to the excellent technical characteristics.
Among them:
Long-term operation.
Water resistant.
Frost.
Attractive appearance.

Implementation of works:
Facing the stairs with ceramic tiles can be made, both inside and outside the premises.
Indoors, you can coat the stage smooth floors and the outside - it is better to use a textured tile that will protect people from falling and injury.

Note. For the product facing steps of the staircase to prepare the surface is not necessary. Initially, it is necessary to glue ceramic tiles to the riser so that its edges are sticking.
Next is laying tiles on vertical surfaces. The edges of the horizontal and vertical tiles necessarily need to be combined.
To give an elegant appearance will be overwritten grout joints are the most suitable color.

Read more about the materials:
Due to the product of the firing of the lining material provides a smooth surface.
Made of ceramic tile of appropriate technology, which gives it a long enough period of operation.
The high level of mechanical strength and resistance to chemicals is ensured by the low cost of this material.
These units have different sizes, so you can choose the best option repairman for tiling.
Persistence and color purity ceramic tiles you can use it for quite a long time.
A wide range of ceramic tiles allows the user to choose the best option for lining stairs.

Facing the stairs is rather simple kind of repairs that can be performed by hand. It also provides the ability to trust this process

Welding and bonding sheet of polypropylene

Welding sheets of polypropylene a hairdryer - it is the connection edges of two sheets of polypropylene by means of building the dryer (air gun). The machine heats the abutting edges of the sheet and extending therebetween polypropylene wire to 270˚S, fusing all three elements together.
Stages of welding sheets of polypropylene a hairdryer:
The choice of material. Need a hair dryer building sufficient capacity, thin plastic sheets and a polypropylene rod (wire). Bars and sheets should be made of the same class, otherwise they will melt under the influence of the hot air evenly.
Docking. The sheets are placed on any flat surface, and their edges are processed with sandpaper. The process itself is similar to fusion welding with fusible electrodes. That is, the hair dryer welder moves along the weld joint filling consumable polypropylene of which the welding rod. Within 5-7 minutes boiled leaves can be used for other purposes.

Important! Using a hair dryer for welding, keep in mind that during slow fusion zone polymer sheet immediately adjacent to the weld area may become hot. This will lead to deformation of the joint. Therefore, when using a hair dryer welding must be carried out promptly.
Advantages and disadvantages of welding hairdryer

Created by this method has the smallest seam strength than the joints by using other welding processes. Maximum strength ratio at such alloying reaches values ​​greater than 0.7. Therefore, this method is usually fastened parts are not very thick edges - no more than 6 mm. However, the rapid melting of small fine details of this method - the best solution.

Welding polypropylene sheet extruder

Welding polypropylene sheet extruder - a reliable way to connect polypropylene sheet used for manufacturing various containers, galvanic baths, air, septic tanks and other three-dimensional structures.
Welding sheet extruder:
Materials and Instruments. To work need: sheets of polypropylene, polypropylene rod or electrode and the hand extruder. Bars and sheets must be fabricated from a polymer of the same class, otherwise they will melt unevenly.
Docking. Sheets ends close to each other lie on any flat surface. Between them, in the seam area, is clamped polypropylene rod. Further, using the extruder and edge bars are heated and fused.

The extruder is operated at a temperature 270˚S. Welding must be done quickly. Otherwise, the area adjacent to the seam deformed polypropylene sheets, seam will fragile.
Advantages and disadvantages of welding extruder

Made using extrusion seam stronger than the connections made by means of welding dryer. His strength ratio to 0.8. With the help of an extruder can be quickly and securely connect directly to the workplace polypropylene sheets with thickness up to 16 mm.

Bonding of polypropylene - the glue polypropylene

Polypropylene is a plastic trudnoskleivaemym view - glue it is extremely difficult without welding. In addition, this process requires a mandatory preparation.

You can take advantage of special adhesives that quickly and completely glued quality plastic. The main thing in this matter - to choose a good solution.
Types of adhesive polypropylene

Substances gluing plastic, divided into several categories:
Thermoset. They are the basis of polyester, epoxy and other thermosetting resins.
Thermoplastic. This category can be schematically divided into two areas: compositions based on thermoplastic resins and rubber-based.

Thermoplastic adhesive compositions dissolved and softened by temperature. In contrast, thermoset, they do not alter its chemical structure by gluing, which is of advantage.

Also, adhesives are divided by the number of components: one - and two-component. The first sold one copy in the already finished form and in a single package. The latter have two packaging components. Before you start, you need to mix the two components, clearly adhering to the manufacturer's instructions.

An example of a one-component adhesive can serve as instant «Cosmoplast 500", designed for bonding profiles in window manufacturing. An example of a two-component solution - epoxy adhesive for plastic. Its components are epoxy resin and hardener.

Two-component adhesives have an advantage - a longer shelf life than a single component. The reason is that as long as their constituents do not come into contact, there will be no cure.
The process of preparing bonding

Before gluing parts polypropylene need training. It is necessary to check the entire assembly and general construction adhesive without having to put a mark in places where it is needed.

Sample preparation bonding polypropylene pipes:
We must make sure that the temperature of the ambient air, which will host the bonding varies between + 5 ° C - 35 ° C.
It is important to check the availability of tools. Glue gun, pipe cutters and brush with natural bristles should be at hand.
Scissors (pipe cutters) must be cut into segments of a certain length of the pipe.
Further, it is desirable to clean up the edges of cuts using sandpaper. It is necessary to remove any burrs that may prevent sealing compound.
Now you need to assemble the entire structure, to try and make a mark marker in place of the future adhesion, as well as the level of depth of the entrance of the pipe fittings. Then you can make out the design.
Before applying the glue necessary to mix well. Flagged areas should be degreased and cleaned using cleaning agents.

Important Tips

To carry out the installation is better to choose a proven brand, rather than start from the cost of the adhesive. Expensive solutions are often inferior in quality solution at an average price.

HOW TO CREATE A wooden deck near the house

Start with your hands near the house a cozy place to relax in a deck is easy. Many places will not take such a deck, but it is quite suitable for recreation and for the party. Create a platform for the deck is not expensive, most importantly, that it originally fit into any holiday decor. So, we proceed.

To start to define the place where will be located the deck platform, it is best to join lodges. Thus, we get a continuation of the house with a summer terrace.

We are making measurements on the corners and set the mark for the future of the platform. The entire length of the walls of the house have a wooden board. Screwing them with screws. To protect the walls of the house from water damage, you must install the drain. We cling to it under the very edge of boards attached to the house.

Now proceed to lay the foundation for the platform. To take this support beams 4 in a thickness of 4 cm. In width, beam length defines itself, depending on the free space outside the house. Supports must be placed at the desired distance and set them on the pier blocks. Support beams and pier blocks must be raised to a height of about 20 cm. In the space provided for the blocks fall asleep gravel, it will provide a stable foundation for the future of the platform and will protect it from corrosion under the pier.

With the level, check that the beams are level and perpendicular to support beam. Then turn the screw fastening girder. Creating a foundation platform most important and time-consuming part of the job. It is important to be precise and not to rush. To mount the platform beams need to use the standard face mounting hangers, they will provide security during mounting beam platform to wooden planks.

Measure each board 40 cm and attach them with three screws to the joists foundations platform. In order to avoid further injury to the screws in the floor of the platform, try to screw them completely into the board.

Once the platform is ready overhangs need to cut a circular saw. To the floor looked smooth and neat, the board should be sanded special machine. Then a damp cloth to remove dust from boards. If the boards have a small hole, they seal the sealant. Putty should be dry for a few days, then you can open the platform deck stain. A place for rest and parties almost ready.

To complete a summer veranda lay a rug, a pillow at him, put garden furniture and deck set on the edges of the flowers in pots.

Enjoy your vacation!

Design features a small living room

Getting to repair a small living room, you need to understand some of the secrets of creating a comfortable and stylish interior small spaces, since it is possible to achieve the goal without resorting to drastic methods (demolition of old walls and building new ones with a curved shape, etc.). In addition, any work associated with the demolition of the walls, it is very difficult to determine and require significant investment, plus they do not always give the desired result. Let's see what can be done without resorting to demolition of partitions to create a modern and original interior in a small living room.

One way of separating and visually expanding the space of a small living room is well-chosen lighting. To do this, choose and buy lamps that come in a variety of configurations. It is necessary to abandon the massive chandelier and large wall lights and lighting fixtures bitmap. The best effect can create spotlights mounted on the perimeter of the ceiling, and a small chandelier in the center of the living room. This method allows you to visually enlarge the space and add the original interior. And if you use wall lights, whose light will fall on the ceiling, the ceiling height increases visual.

The lack of space is achieved by several methods, one of which is the use of low furniture. This furniture must perform several functions and be stylish, yet remain simple and nonmassive. You can buy goods for the interior, which will allow to create a unique design. Also be aware that the use of built-in furniture living room leads to the spacious and cozy. Rather it is important that small room was decorated in bright colors, and the use of various methods for the separation of functional areas will only add originality and make the living room special.

Excellent share and expand the space as multi-level design and ceilings, and in combination with the right lighting, a very high efficiency of this method. Desirably, ceilings, walls and furniture have been made in the light, but the eye pleasing colors. It is desirable that the focus of the interior of a small living room was focused on one of the walls, and all the other elements only complement and gave a finished look around the room.
(good to know)

      How to check the grounding outlet

If the outlet has a ground contact, it does not mean that he is really grounded. Often it is not attached anywhere, and the user of this did not guess. Even more dangerous situation may occur if the contact is not connected properly.

You will need
- Screwdriver indicator;
- Regular screwdriver;
- Insulated wire with two probes at the ends.

Instructions

1. Turn on the power outlet in the desk lamp and make sure that it glows. When inserting the plug a desk lamp, do not touch the ground contact sockets, because you still do not know whether it is connected.

2. Turn off the panel in the machine. Make sure you turn off just the machine that you need, for the extinction of the lamp.

3. Unplug the table lamp. Remove the outlet cover.

4. See what is connected to the terminal. If it is connected to one of the terminals of the socket, so you use vanishing. If a separate line - grounding. If it is not connected anywhere - outlet is not grounded. In the latter case, it is possible to include only electrical appliances with double insulation.

5. Put the cover on the socket, tightly secure it, and then turn on the machine.

6. If you are using vanishing, check that it is carried out. After all, if you install the socket to the terminal, instead of zero mistakenly hooked phase mains voltage can get to any body incorporated in appliance. This situation is very dangerous.

7. Use a screwdriver to check the display, whether in the ground contact phase voltage. If it is, use this outlet should be stopped immediately and consult a qualified electrician. Even if the vanishing implemented correctly, you should alert the fact of its existence. The fact that not all types of wiring allow its implementation. Therefore, consult an electrician is necessary anyway.

8. If you find that the outlet is grounded, check whether this is so. First, make sure that the third wire connects the ground contact is not a phase. How to do this and that to take when it detects this contact phase voltage, described above. Then a screwdriver indicator locate the outlet phase. Now, leaving the screwdriver in the phase socket, remove your finger from the sensor. Instead of finger push him one of the insulated wire probes. Neon lamp either lights up at all, or lights up very slightly. Now, without removing the probe from the sensor, press the opposite probe to the terminal. Fingers at the same time, do not touch any metal parts of the screwdriver and sockets. Neon lamp should light up brightly. This means that the ground pin is really grounded. But finally make sure the connection of the contact with the ground is really done safely, is possible only with the help of special devices, so to be sure to contact an electrician still zhelatelno.Esli the bright glow of neon lamps in the screwdriver is not observed, the ground wire is not connected to what. In this case, should be considered as an ungrounded outlet, and connect it only to devices with double insulation.

How to sterilize the empty jars and preforms

Coming soon summer will go cheap fruit, vegetables (one - something from the garden), we must all tighten, zagotoavlivat the winter (so do many housewives). Let's think about the safety of your spin, blanks! Article about how best to do? To.

How to sterilize the empty jars and preforms

For the safety of domestic preparations and salads in the winter it is necessary that the banks were perfectly clean, and this can only be achieved by sterilization. Before sterilized jars, carefully inspect them - with neottiraemymi stains, chips or cracks - throw away, such banks are not suitable for the blanks.

How to sterilize the jars for a couple

Now very few who use conventional kettles, which are put on the stove, and they in fact very easy to sterilize jars. Dress bank Golyshko on the spout, giving simmer for 15 minutes. In a well-heated pot drops cease to form a pair, and now it can be removed and put on the next one. The procedure is safe, since the steam heats the bank is not above 100 degrees Celsius.

Instead, you can use the kettle and the pot, covered with a mesh (eg, spray divider for frying), but much of the steam will go off and get a good warm cans do not work, and the kitchen is too wet. Therefore, using special pads on the pot, they are for the sterilization one, and for a few cans.

You can also sterilize the jars and small caps in a double boiler.

Sterilization by boiling

You can and boil jars in water for 15 minutes. The disadvantage, in addition to the sauna in the kitchen - in cans hardness salts settle out of the water, then you will eat together with the contents of the jar. And pull out cans of boiling water - not such an easy and pleasant experience.

How to sterilize the jars in the microwave

The jar pour 1 cm of water and put in a microwave power of 700-800 watts for 2-3 minutes - the water begins to boil, and steam sterilized jars, if the cans are many - the time must be increased. If the bank is big, put it to one side. Do not put in the microwave empty containers. And the cover better simply sterilized in water on a stove.

Sterilization Aerogrill

Washed banks installed on the lower grille aerogrill. Put a ring-magnifier. Sterilize jars at 120 degrees for 15 minutes. Smaller banks to 1 liter can be sterilized 7-8 minutes.

How to sterilize the jars in the oven

Washed banks put in the oven on the wire rack (do not put on a baking sheet, may burst) and turn it to the mode of about 160 °. Put so that banks do not touch each other. Heat until completely dry drops, 5-10 minutes. Do not overheat, do not raise the temperature in the oven. After sterilization, the banks did not pull out of the oven immediately, let cool to 80 - 90 degrees. The covers can not be sterilized in the oven.

Personally, I prefer this method of sterilization, as the cans in the oven vlazit lot and a special fuss with them while there.

Sterilized in any way banks put on a dry towel or cloth, lay them home-made - cucumbers, tomatoes, salads, jams and other goodies, close sterilized lids.

As sterilized lids.

Before sterilization, check the integrity of the cap, no rust, the presence of gum (if necessary). The most simple and affordable way to disinfect the cover - boil them 10-15 minutes. Pull the cover from the water boiled forceps.

How to sterilize the preform

Often there is a necessity to sterilize, and the finished product. Normally, this need: salads (lecho, caviar, etc.), all the blanks of vegetables without vinegar, pickled mushrooms, fruit drinks and juices. Jam, pickled cucumbers and tomatoes do not need to sterilize (sterilized only empty cans for them).

Process: Banks with blanks cover boiled lids (not roll). Put in a pan with heated to a temperature of about cans with water so that water covered the shoulders banks, but did not reach 1.5-2 cm to the neck.

It is desirable in the bottom of the pan put a wooden club that banks did not skate and did not fight against each other. Boil the required time. Pull out. Rolls.

Typically, sterilization time specified in recipes canning. A classic case of (for workpieces that are put into the jar hot) liter jars to sterilize for 10-15 minutes, two-liter - 20-25 minutes, three-liter - 25-30 minutes. This time applies for liquid salad, tomatoes and fruit in its own juice, Lecho. Grilled salads are usually sterilized little longer.

Sometimes, for example when it is necessary to sterilize peas, water should boil at a temperature above 100 degrees. For this purpose, water is added to common salt. Need a boiling point of 101 degrees - add 66 grams of salt per liter of water, 102 degrees - 126 grams of salt, 103 - 172, 104 - 215, 105 - 255, 107 - 355, 110 - 478.

How to pasteurize cans blanks

When, on the contrary, sterilization is carried out at a water temperature below 100 degrees, about 85 degrees - this is called pasteurisation, it is necessary to use a thermometer and occasionally off the fire, and the time spent in the pan cans increased by 2-3 times. In pasteurization need compotes, vegetable marinades.

How to put a tile on the wooden floor

To lay tiles on a wooden floor, you must make sure that the floor is hard, flat surface. If it is not smooth, it is necessary to make the substrate that will help smooth the surface.

You will need

Particleboard;

screws;

level;

grid;

brush;

latex;

liquid glass;

water;

sand.

Instructions
1. Prepare the floor. Remove completely paint and varnish. Deal with it. Mounting foam waterproofing joints between wall and chipboard.
2. Deal with protective chipboard impregnated or heated linseed oil (be careful - it is flammable). If there are gaps in the floor embedded them with sealant.
3. Using a brush, a thick layer of latex treat EAF. Use as wide a brush.
4. Immediately after treatment lay on the surface of the masking grid and leave it to dry completely.
5. Once the grid is dry, attach it to the chipboard screws. Do not regret smaorezov, they need to make it fit to complete the grid.
6. Treat the surface with a mixture of the following: 2 parts water glass, 1 part water, 2 parts coarse sand. To the floor "did not walk" and not "crunched", and you can easily take it all the way to make a new concrete and screed.
7. When the composition is completely dry, apply the level and see if the floor has become flat. Then, the treated surface can be laid tiles.
8. Identify the place where you start laying tile, measure the angles, make markup.
9. Prepare a mixture of cement and mix it with the building compound. It will firmly stick to the surface of the tile. Thus, it is durable and resistant to breakage.
10. Apply a tile, depending on its pattern in neat rows. Between the seams, make the grout, remove the extra layer of cement. Do not wait until it dries, do it immediately.
11. If you are in doubt that they themselves can properly lay the tile, leave this to professionals, they know their job and do everything efficiently and in a shorter time.

pay attention
If the floor is not even, in the future may cause cracks on the tile.

Helpful advice
To not publish the floor squeaks, you must make it a high quality, without losing any important details. Make sure that when you steal tiles, the surface must be flat.

Installation of installations for toilet

Suspended toilet with the installation has become increasingly popular, and it should be noted that you can install yourself hanging toilet. But the installation of installations for toilet - a process that most people prefer to entrust to specialists. However, nothing complicated in this process is not, install the toilet installation is possible by hand.

Installation Installation is a simple process, most importantly, to stock up on the necessary tools and knowledge on how to install.

How to choose an installation?
When selecting the toilet, it should be noted that toilets from different manufacturers differ in surface smoothness and shape of the bowl.

But by installing a suspended toilet depend largely on all the problems with the toilet, so you need to choose it carefully. It should be borne in mind that both the frame and the tank, and all other communication will be hidden, respectively, to reach them will be difficult. Selection of installation depends largely on taste preferences, but only need to buy it from a reputable manufacturer. This is exactly the situation in which the overpayment for the brand pays for itself many times.

In most cases, you should choose a frame and not block the installation.

Install installation of the toilet can be suspended under the following instruments:

The ability to repair the toilet and installation easier if the buttons at the bottom of the drain to make a maintenance hatch.
Adjustable wrenches, they are necessary in order to mount the installation to the wall or to the floor. In the kit, there is usually a hardware - screws with heads under the keys.
The level frame is put into the installation is on the level - both vertically and horizontally. If the level does not take advantage of the mount is easy to miss.
Roulette, which is necessary in order to strengthen the installation, with the top of the toilet should be at a height of not more than 45 cm from the floor. It should be borne in mind that when a tile is placed, the floor is always slightly raised. We need more skilled hands and attentiveness.

It is at this stage is recommended to check the complete set of installation and toilet. It should at the same time make sure that it includes hardware, as may have to acquire an anchor. Some manufacturers do not put a gasket kit damper, which is installed between the wall and the toilet bowl, but it can easily be replaced by a layer of silicone.
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Setting installation toilet with his hands - the instruction for beginners

Many people are concerned about how to install the installation by hand. Installation should begin with his own hands before the laid tiles on the floor and on the walls:

An exemplary diagram of the setup installation of the toilet.
It is necessary to mark the holes for the frame, we must not forget about the distance from the floor, and that the need to use a level.
It should Drill holes, then place planted on plugs and mounted on the frame of the place, it can be fixed with anchor bolts, which is a more reliable option.
Connections to the water supply tank, in most cases the tanks are connected to the water bottom and side. The tank is connected to the water pipe exclusively used in this corrugation is not necessary.
Now, the installation must be connected to the sewer pipe. In most cases it is possible to use a pipe whose diameter does not exceed 90 mm and 110 additional adapter is not necessary. Well, if the toilet is with a hole in the standpipe, in this case the sewer pipe, which leads from it will not be overgrown with fat dishes that the kitchen sewage inevitable. If the holes do not coincide, it is possible to use a corrugation, but this is undesirable since it is not as strong and durable as a pipe.
Thereafter, the installation can sew, as the material can be used for this moisture resistant plasterboard sheet having a thickness not exceeding 10 mm. This sheet is best not to mount to the frame, as the metal is too thick, and was put on the edge of a profile made of plasterboard.
Installation continues laying tile, but before laying tiles on gypsum board, at the place of the future button drain specifically designed to put this collar and cap. The plug needs to be protected fittings of debris, the cuff should be cut when the knob is set, it is done right on the edge of the tile.
Installing the toilet installation should begin no earlier than ten days will be held after the tile is laid. It is necessary to accurately adjust the size of drain pipes toilets and sanitation. Make it easy with their hands, then you need to put in place the gasket between the tile and the toilet, and then the corresponding surface of the need to apply silicone. The toilet is mounted on studs and nuts are tightened. Then he drained the water and checked for leaks.
Installation proceeds so that it is necessary to install the flush button, in the event that it is connected to the valve pin tank plastic thread, before its cut, it is necessary to measure all carefully. In an ideal scenario, the flush button should have a little free entry, it must be pressed effortlessly.

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Useful tips
If the button below the drain foresee a maintenance hatch, the repair and maintenance of the tank will be made much easier.
When selecting fittings, tank and drain the button, it is best to choose those that have a water-saving system. As a rule, these are two separate buttons for the use of all available water in a tank and a half of, but may still be a button "start / stop". So much water is spent economically.
When installing the toilet flush button installation must be placed in the center or tile, or on the seam between the tiles. The tile should be put in the direction of the button to the edges.

During installation should strictly follow the instructions, then there is no doubt that the result will be positive. It should be noted that the bidet is also possible to install their own hands, nothing complicated about it, as the mount bidet is no different from an ordinary mount toilet. It should also be borne in mind that bidet will look better if the wiring ducts are concealed into the wall. When connected to the sewage system, a bidet, a trial run should be made of water, and then check the operation of all equipment. Thus, the bidet installation complexity also is different.

A simple way to make snow-white bath.

1. Mix 2 tablespoons soda and baking soda and rub this mixture of damp bath.

2. After 5-10 minutes, take 50 g of vinegar and 50 g of bleach. Not washing the first layer of the cleaning, put another on top of it.

3. Half an hour later, rinse the tank with plenty of water.

4 ways to reduce the amount of dust in the house

The dust that collects on the floor and furniture, not only spoils the appearance of your home. The main cause damage to dust mites - they can trigger asthma, allergies, atopic dermatitis and other diseases. To avoid these unpleasant consequences, we offer a few effective ways to quickly deal with malicious domestic enemy.


1. Blankets, cushions, stuffed toys and curtains put in the washing machine, including drying for 15 minutes (great if your machine has a program for drying down products). To kill dust mites, wash the product at temperatures below 60 ° C if the fabric allows.


2. Forget about using feather dusters. This accessory looks very nice, but useless in cleaning dust, as spreads dust around the room.


3. Clean paint brush well to remove adhering dust lampshades, wooden chairs, picture frames or handrails.
Rubber gloves soaked in water to quickly remove pet hair with sofas and armchairs.
Clean white sock is suitable for cleaning dust from the horizontal blinds.


4. Dust tends to sag, so you should start with the highest surface, gradually moving down. Vacuum cleaners floor can be at the end of harvest (current models of vacuum cleaners trap particles of house dust, so do not be afraid that it will settle back on the shelves).

           Options remodeling a small kitchen

As a rule, small kitchen design with redevelopment provides a great opportunity because we can use in several ways:

under full or partial dismantling of the partition separating the kitchen and bathroom, manages to make the kitchen-dining room or studio apartment;
you can just move the partition by 1 meter or more by reducing the area of ​​the hall or bathroom;
If the kitchen has access to the loggia or balcony, you can attach them to the kitchen area.

When the device united space kitchen and rooms you have a lot of design techniques that allow visually delineate a common space.
Visual zoning achieved:

1 using different coatings on the floor of the room and the kitchen;
2 due to differences in the multi-level ceilings;
3 using a small partition of translucent materials (glass blocks, polycarbonate), fabric or bamboo screens, wrought iron grilles or a system of bilateral shelves.

With thorough insulation and glazing balconies or balconies very easy to expand the kitchen area by acceding to their space. There is no need to dismantle the outer wall. Suffice it to remove the window profile, and the remaining part of the wall to use as an extra worktop or bar. Thus, the space of the former balcony will serve as a dining room. This design small kitchen can increase the floor area of ​​3 square.

If none of the methods offered does not suit you, you can use the easiest method: completely remove the door to the kitchen and combine the kitchen and hallway space using the same wall and floor coverings. If the corridor wide enough, it is possible to arrange storage cabinets utensils or put a fridge. Thus, a little kitchen area is free, but due to the same type of coating is visually expand the room.